SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids, 
  product_position_source.position AS position 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_products_categories AS product_position_source ON cscart_products_categories.product_id = product_position_source.product_id 
  AND product_position_source.category_id = 9 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    5095, 3147, 5094, 5097, 7732, 1522, 1683, 
    1685, 2447, 3554, 3552, 3553, 7603, 
    7604, 7605, 7606, 4059, 3865, 4054, 
    4058, 4052, 4056, 4053, 3870, 3872, 
    3871, 3873, 3862, 5512, 5513, 5511, 
    5514, 5359, 2958, 7024, 5863, 5862, 
    6860, 6859, 6856, 6761, 4591, 5781, 
    5714, 7427, 4969, 2626, 2627
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00182

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "146.90"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_filesort": false,
      "nested_loop": [
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
            "access_type": "range",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "pt",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 165,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 165,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "index_condition": "(`dbggbern`.`cscart_products_categories`.`product_id` in (5095,3147,5094,5097,7732,1522,1683,1685,2447,3554,3552,3553,7603,7604,7605,7606,4059,3865,4054,4058,4052,4056,4053,3870,3872,3871,3873,3862,5512,5513,5511,5514,5359,2958,7024,5863,5862,6860,6859,6856,6761,4591,5781,5714,7427,4969,2626,2627))",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "69.76",
              "eval_cost": "16.50",
              "prefix_cost": "86.26",
              "data_read_per_join": "2K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "link_type"
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "cscart_categories",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "c_status",
              "p_category_id"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "3",
            "ref": [
              "dbggbern.cscart_products_categories.category_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 8,
            "filtered": "5.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "41.25",
              "eval_cost": "0.83",
              "prefix_cost": "144.01",
              "data_read_per_join": "33K"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "category_id",
              "usergroup_ids",
              "status",
              "storefront_id"
            ],
            "attached_condition": "((`dbggbern`.`cscart_categories`.`storefront_id` in (0,1)) and ((`dbggbern`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids` = '') or (0 <> find_in_set(0,`dbggbern`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`)) or (0 <> find_in_set(1,`dbggbern`.`cscart_categories`.`usergroup_ids`))) and (`dbggbern`.`cscart_categories`.`status` in ('A','H')))"
          }
        },
        {
          "table": {
            "table_name": "product_position_source",
            "access_type": "eq_ref",
            "possible_keys": [
              "PRIMARY",
              "pt"
            ],
            "key": "PRIMARY",
            "used_key_parts": [
              "category_id",
              "product_id"
            ],
            "key_length": "6",
            "ref": [
              "const",
              "dbggbern.cscart_products_categories.product_id"
            ],
            "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
            "rows_produced_per_join": 8,
            "filtered": "100.00",
            "cost_info": {
              "read_cost": "2.06",
              "eval_cost": "0.83",
              "prefix_cost": "146.90",
              "data_read_per_join": "132"
            },
            "used_columns": [
              "product_id",
              "category_id",
              "position"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}